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Bibliographic Citations and Referencing Sources

Examples of Bibliographic Citations:

When citing books or articles you must include in your bibliographic reference the author's last name, first name, the Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. # of Volumes. Series Title, # [optional]. City: Publisher, Year (and in the case of articles, the page numbers). Follow the examples below.

Whole Book:

Brown, Raymond E. An Introduction to the New Testament. New York: Doubleday, 1997.

Boadt, Lawrence. Reading the Old Testament: An Introduction. New York: Paulist Press, 1984.

Book Chapter:

Resseguie, James L. "John 9: A Literary-Critical Analysis." In: Literary Interpretations of Biblical Narratives (edited by K. R. R. Gros Louis; Nashville: Abingdon, 1982) 2.295-303.

Journal Article:

Poirier, John C. "'Day and Night' and the Punctuation of John 9:3." New Testament Studies 42 (1996) 288-94.

Dictionary or Commentary:

Dunn, James D. G. "Christology." Anchor Bible Dictionary (ed. David N. Freedman; New York: Doubleday, 1992) 1.979-91. [short for vol. 1, pp. 979-991]

On-Line:

Goodacre, Mark. "The New Testament Gateway" [http://www.ntgateway.com/]. Accessed on 2/3/01.

 


In-Text Referencing:

Direct Quote: (Citation is bolded for illustration only. Do not bold in your text.) When quoting a text directly, copyright law requires that the quote acknowledged in your text with quotation marks. Within the punctuation after the quote, in parenthesis, include the author's last name, an abbreviated title and the page number.

"Matt's extremely hostile critique of the scribes and Pharisees as casuistic (especially in chap. 23) is not untypical of the harsh criticism of one Jewish group by another Jewish group in the 1st centuries BC and AD - a criticism that at times crossed the borderline into slander" (Brown, Intro to NT, 222).

Referencing a work without directly quoting: You will use ideas from other authors without directly quoting. It is still required by law to give credit where credit is due. After you have stated what the author has said about a particular topic follow the parenthetical citation just as you would for a direct quote.

The Biblical authors of Genesis utilized the popular mythology of the region and time to illustrate to the readers the dangers and consequences of sin (Boadt, Reading the OT, 122).

Biblical Citations: The Bible is also by a particular author and needs to be cited. If you say, "John says" or "Matthew states" it is necessary to back up your claim with a citation.

"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God" (Jn 1:1).

According to Matthew, Joseph was warned in a dream to escape with the child Jesus to Egypt in order to escape Herod's wrath (Mt 2:13).